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Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on July 27, 2006
Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/humrep/del270
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received February 13, 2006
Revised June 1, 2006
Accepted June 13, 2006

Article

{beta}-Hydroxyisovalerylshikonin induces apoptosis and G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest of endometriotic stromal cells: a preliminary in vitro study

M. Nishida 1, K. Nasu 1 *, T. Ueda 1, A. Yuge 1, N. Takai 1, and H. Narahara 1

1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
K. Nasu, E-mail: nasu{at}med.oita-u.ac.jp


  Abstract

BACKGROUND: Most of the current medical treatments for endometriosis aim to down-regulate the estrogen activity. However, a high recurrence rate after medical treatments has been the most significant problem. {beta}-Hydroxyisovaler-ylshikonin ({beta}-HIVS) is an ATP non-competitive inhibitor of protein-tyrosine kinases and is considered an apoptosis-inducing agent. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of {beta}-HIVS on the proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of endometriotic stromal cells. METHODS: We investigated the effects of {beta}-HIVS on cultured ovarian endometriotic cyst stromal cells (ECSC) by a modified methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay, a 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation assays. The effect of {beta}-HIVS on the cell cycle of ECSC was determined by flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis-related molecules was examined in ECSC using western blot analysis. RESULTS: {beta}-HIVS significantly inhibited the proliferation and DNA synthesis of ECSC and induced apoptosis and G0/G1 phase cell-cycle arrest of these cells. Down-regulation of the B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia-2 (Bcl-2) expression with the activation of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 was observed in ECSC after {beta}-HIVS treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that {beta}-HIVS induces apoptosis of ECSC by suppressing anti-apoptotic proteins. Although our present findings are preliminary, {beta}-HIVS could potentially be a therapeutic agent for the treatment of endometriosis.

Keywords: apoptosis/Bcl-2/cell cycle/endometriosis/{beta}-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin.
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