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Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on October 5, 2006
Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/humrep/del383
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received March 6, 2006
Revised July 28, 2006
Accepted August 21, 2006

Article

Semen quality in a residential, geographic and age representative sample of healthy Chinese men

J. Gao 1, E.S. Gao 2, Q. Yang 3, M. Walker 4, J.Q. Wu 2, W.J. Zhou 2, and S.W. Wen 5 *

1 Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, P.R. China; OMNI Research Group, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
2 Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, P.R. China
3 OMNI Research Group, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ontario, Canada; McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Institute of Population Health, Ontario, Canada
4 OMNI Research Group, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
5 OMNI Research Group, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
S.W. Wen, E-mail: swwen{at}ohri.ca


  Abstract

BACKGROUND: Population-based study of semen quality is rare in literature. METHODS: Healthy men aged 20-60 years from six Chinese provinces were invited to participate in the study between December 2000 and November 2002. Posters were distributed in the participating counties to enroll 200 subjects from each province. Medians, percentiles, and proportions below lower threshold of the WHO criteria for semen parameters were calculated. Generalized linear models were used to examine the determinants of semen quality. RESULTS: Semen samples from 1191 healthy Chinese men were collected and analysed. The medians (5th and 95th percentiles) were 2.3 ml (1.0-4.5) for semen volume, 65 x 106/ml (20-150) for semen concentration, 154 x 106/ejection (29-421) for sperm count, 19% (5-32) for rapid progressive motility, 46% (29-66) for progressive motility, 67% (47-81) for total motile spermatozoa, 70% (48-88) for sperm viability and 39% (23-76) for normal morphology. Many healthy Chinese men had semen parameter values below the lower threshold of the WHO criteria. Region, age, abstinence duration and season were important determinants of semen quality. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese men have lower values of semen parameters according to WHO standard, and a lower threshold for normal semen parameters for Chinese men should be considered.

Keywords: semen parameters/semen quality/healthy men/risk factor/Chinese.
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