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Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on October 16, 2006
Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/humrep/del388
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received May 30, 2006
Revised August 29, 2006
Accepted September 11, 2006

Article

Menstrual cycle-dependent changes of Toll-like receptors in endometrium

R. Aflatoonian 1, E. Tuckerman 2, S.L. Elliott 1, C. Bruce 1, A. Aflatoonian 3, T.C. Li 2, and A. Fazeli 1 *

1 Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Jessop Wing, Sheffield, UK
2 Biomedical Research Unit, The University of Sheffield, Jessop Wing, Sheffield, UK
3 Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
A. Fazeli, E-mail: a.fazeli{at}sheffield.ac.uk


  Abstract

BACKGROUND: Rapid innate immune defences against infection usually involve the recognition of invading pathogens by specific pattern recognition receptors recently attributed to the family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Reports from our laboratory and others have demonstrated the existence of TLRs 1-6 in the female reproductive tract. However, little has been done to identify TLRs 7-10 in the female reproductive tract, particularly in the uterus. Also little information exists regarding variation in TLRs in the female reproductive tract during the menstrual cycle. METHOD: The distribution of TLR7-10 protein was detected by immunostaining in timed endometrial biopsies from normal women. RT-PCR was used to show the existence of TLR1-10 genes in endometrial tissue and real-time PCR analysis to investigate the relative expression of these genes during the menstrual cycle in normal human endometrium. RESULTS: TLR7-10 proteins were detected in endometrial epithelium and stroma. TLR1-10 genes were expressed in human endometrial tissue, and the mean relative expression of TLR2-6, 9 and 10 genes was significantly higher during the secretory phase compared with other phases of the menstrual cycle. CONCLUSIONS: TLR7-10 localization is not limited to endometrial epithelium but is also present in the stroma of the endometrial tissue. Endometrial TLR2-6, 9 and 10 genes are cyclically expressed during the menstrual cycle.

Keywords: endometrium/menstrual cycle/Toll-like receptors.
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