Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on February 20, 2007
Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/humrep/dem003
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The effectiveness of a fertility awareness based method to avoid pregnancy in relation to a couple's sexual behaviour during the fertile time: a prospective longitudinal study
1 Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University of Heidelberg, Voßstrasse 9, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Heidelberg, Voßstrasse 9, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cologne and Centre for Family Planning, Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Rheydter Straße 143, 41515 Grevenbroich, Germany 4 Department of Preventive Medicine and Quality Management, Hospital Virgen del Camino, C/Irunlarrea 4, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain 5 Section Natural Fertility, German Society for Gynaecological Endocrinology, Voßstrasse 9, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany 6 National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, Great Britain 7 Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
8 To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Fertility disorders, University of Heidelberg, Voßstrasse 9, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany. E-mail: petra.frank-herrmann{at}med.uni-heidelberg.de
BACKGROUND: The efficacy of fertility awareness based (FAB) methods of family planning is critically reviewed. The objective was to investigate the efficacy and the acceptability of the symptothermal method (STM), an FAB method that uses two indicators of fertility, temperature and cervical secretions observation. This paper will recommend a more suitable approach to measure the efficacy. METHODS: Since 1985, an ongoing prospective observational longitudinal cohort study has been conducted in Germany. Women are asked to submit their menstrual cycle charts that record daily basal body temperature, cervical secretion observations and sexual behaviour. A cohort of 900 women contributed 17 638 cycles that met the inclusion criteria for the effectiveness study. The overall rates of unintended pregnancies and dropout rates have been estimated with survival curves according to the Kaplan–Meier method. In order to estimate the true method effectiveness, the pregnancy rates have been calculated in relation to sexual behaviour using the ‘perfect/imperfect-use’ model of Trussell and Grummer-Strawn. RESULTS: After 13 cycles, 1.8 per 100 women of the cohort experienced an unintended pregnancy; 9.2 per 100 women dropped out because of dissatisfaction with the method; the pregnancy rate was 0.6 per 100 women and per 13 cycles when there was no unprotected intercourse in the fertile time. CONCLUSIONS: The STM is a highly effective family planning method, provided the appropriate guidelines are consistently adhered to.
Key words: contraception/efficacy/fertility awareness based methods/natural family planning/symptothermal method
The first two authors contributed equally to this work. Submitted on September 4, 2006; resubmitted on November 8, 2006; resubmitted on December 7, 2006; accepted on January 2, 2007.